Women Working Shifts Are at Greater Risk of Miscarriage, Menstrual Disruption

     Shift Workers Face Greater Risk of Miscarriage, Menstrual Disruption

     Women working in shifts are associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, menstrual disruption and subfertility, shows study.
     The study is a meta-analysis of all studies on the subject published between 1969 and January 2013. It compares the impact of non-standard working schedules (including night-shift work and mixed-shifts) with that in women not working shifts. The end-points were early reproductive outcome parameters, including menstrual dysregulation, female fertility and miscarriage rates.The study, which included data on 119,345 women, found that those working shifts (alternating shifts, evenings and nights) had a 33% higher rate of menstrual disruption than those working regular hours (odds ratio 1.22, statistically significant) and an 80% increased rate of subfertility (OR 1.80, statistically significant). Women who worked only nights did not have a statistically increased risk of menstrual disruption or difficulty conceiving, but they did have an increased rate of miscarriage (OR 1.29),although this increased risk of miscarriage was not observed in women who worked nights as part of a shift pattern.

     The investigators describe their findings as "novel", but in keeping with other studies (which found adverse effects in later pregnancy). "If replicated," they said, " our findings have implications for women attempting to become pregnant, as well as for their employers". On the implications of the study Dr Stocker said: "Whilst we have demonstrated an association between shift work and negative early reproductive outcomes, we have not proven causation. In humans, the long-term effects of altering circadian rhythms are inherently difficult to study. As a proxy measure, the sleep disruption demonstrated by the shift workers in our study creates short- and long-term biological disturbances.

     Shift workers adopt poor sleep hygiene, suffersleep deprivation and develop activity levels that are out-of-sync with their body clock."However, if our results are confirmed by other studies, there may be implications forshift workers and their reproductive plans. More friendly shift patterns with lessimpact on circadian rhythm could be adopted where practical - although the optimalshift pattern required to maximise reproductive potential is yet to be established."In noting that only some reproductive outcomes were affected by shift work, Dr Stockerreported that the underlying biological disturbances involved in reproductive difficulties "arecomplex and not the same across all the disease processes".

     "Indeed," she said, "it is probablethat completely different causes underlie menstrual dysfunction, miscarriage and subfertility.This may explain why the effects of different types of shift work are seen in some groups ofwomen, but not others."She added that one possible explanation for the overall findings is that the disruption ofcircadian rhythm can influence the biological function of "clock genes", which have been shownto be associated with changes in biological functions.

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Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer
   

     Working Group of the U.S. Preventive Services (USPTF) on middle-aged people who have not been tested for specific antigen, prostate (PSA) since research has shown that the benefits of testing outweigh the risks, which include. results. false-positive.

     More than three-quarters of the people surveyed said they had no knowledge of the new Linda Squiers, Ph.D., Senior Scientist in Health Communication at RTI International in Rockville, MD, and lead author said. Most people understand that the reason behind the new, when it was explained that I said.

     Blacks with higher incomes and those who had a PSA test in the previous two years were more likely to say they will not follow the instructions according to a new study. People who are very or somewhat concerned about prostate cancer were also more likely to want to test the 1,089 people who participated had a history of prostate cancer does.

     That only a few people to say that they did not follow the instructions that surprising. Routine testing for many types of cancer has been promoted for a long time, Squiers also noted. "Our culture is very professional inspection. The idea that screening is useful and necessary to be drilled into all of us. "

     David F. Penson, MD, Chief of Urology, American Health Association (AUA) and a professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, the "men in the study may indicate that while generally can agree on. USPSTF recommendations for large populations, when they feel that their personal circumstances and personal preferences, and will be tested and know their status. ".

     Seventy percent of the people surveyed said they either did not mention the potential benefits and harms of screening with their health care provider, or may not remember that discussion. Squiers said that those who have heard discussions that only a couple of tests. "We need to do a good job in presenting the benefits and harms of screening all patients and explain the science behind the advice in simple language so that everyone can understand," he said.

     AUA has just released new clinical guidelines on screening for prostate cancer AUA says that you can not recommend for or against routine PSA testing for men aged 40-54 at average risk of prostate cancer. But the debate about medical testing. Patients for men aged 55-69.

     AUA recommends that men age 40 and older who are at increased risk of prostate cancer, including black people and people with a strong family history, you should discuss with your estimates and then make a decision concerning an individual. I know about it. "AUA is to make joint efforts to build public awareness of the new" Penson said.

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Risk Factors for Parasitic Infection.

Risk Factors for Parasitic Infection.

     Issues of Clinical Microbiology. Between organisms that may harbor parasites Paragonimus a freshwater crab, crab, native to Asia and the United States. Infections, mainly in Asia or who have traveled recently or migrated from the region is a common parasite. Cases in the United States. Were rare before 1984, but today paved Asia to serve away from home and in a new format. Parasitic infections. paragonimiasis. Can occur when crabs are eaten raw in sushi bars or drink alcohol in vinegar called Martin paved drunk.

     Native species of Paragonimus infection can be passed through a heat Mudbugs cooked crab and touch while boating, floating, canoeing or camping on roads and paved areas to live. In some cases, compliance with consumption of raw shrimp while intoxicated. A person can get sick from eating alone. Usually less parasite is transmitted by contaminated food use and consumption of undercooked meat from infected animals. The incubation period can range from 2 to 16 weeks, although some may remain asymptomatic for a long period, this parasitic infection can cause symptoms ranging from cough, recurrent fever and night sweats, mimicking tuberculosis, coughing up blood, pleurisy. and pneumonia. May cause headache, stiff neck, seizures, and loss of vision. It can also result in death.

     Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We suggest to cook or boil crab before cooking temperature of 145 ° F. Other prevention strategies include frequent hand washing in the preparation of shrimp to avoid contamination of equipment and services and shellfish cooking temperature from 145 ° F. in the laboratory and other diagnostic tests to confirm the parasite Paragonimus infection and no effective treatment.

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Popcorn VS Potato chips

 Popcorn VS Potato chips

    Another way to reduce the consumption of calories is to eat all the candy has less calories. But also to the feeling of early satiety, for healthy
     French fries are the most common snacks consumed by Americans on the other hand, are a favorite snack is popcorn. However, popcorn has some important nutrients such as fiber, whole grain and magnesium, making it nutritionally better. The amount of the increase due to their irregular shape and air content. Fat popcorn popcorn is better than popcorn with butter and salt, for example, neutralizes the benefits of this dessert.
     Snacks that are low in energy content, and early satiety ideal from the perspective of weight management and obesity prevention. High-calorie snacks such as cakes and sweets as a barrier to weight loss and is associated with obesity.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

    Understanding ARDS - a milder form of the disease known as acute lung injury (ALI), it may progress to ARDS.
     Lung air sacs or alveoli are lined with millions of two cell types - Type I and Type II Type II cells secrete surfactant called liquid. Surfactant to form a thin layer in the alveoli surfactant surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing while exhaling.
     In ARDS, the tiny blood vessels supplying the lungs become damaged. This damage leads to an accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the lungs. This blockage in the blood vessels and wound healing. Inflammation plays a key role in the destruction of lung tissue. Membrane protein with inflammatory cells in the lung may be called hyaline membrane. This membrane inhibits the flow of oxygen in the blood. Patients demonstrated a decrease in blood oxygen levels and shortness of breath.
As shown signs of progress in lung repair and begin to produce more surfactant. In some patients the disease may worsen and cause scarring of the lungs. These patients required prolonged ventilation and oxygen.
Cause of ARDS - may be caused by a number of disorders that affect directly or indirectly the cause of ARDS include lung infections, bacterial pneumonia severe injury of an ambitious videos, many of the content. stomach, overdose and heart bypass surgery post.
     Diagnosed patients were diagnosed with a blood gas estimation and imaging studies such as chest radiography and computerized tomography. The patient was placed on a ventilator during treatment. Fluid and nutrition are carefully monitored.
     Complications - patients may suffer complications from the injury during ventilation infected muscle weakness, kidney failure, stomach ulcers, anemia and even death.
     Difficulty breathing can also occur in infants born prematurely, a condition called distress syndrome. "Respiratory tract of newborns. This happens due to the lack of surfactant in the lungs, leading to the collapse. Infants of diabetic mothers, those born during cesarean section. Or who are suffering from low levels of oxygen during birth may be more likely to cause disease. Lung may indicate the development of hyaline membrane prevents the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Baby may suffer serious complications in the lungs, intestines, eyes, brain and other organs, leading to development problems.
     Treatment - Corticosteroids. Available to the mother before delivery, the baby is at high risk of developing this condition. Infants who had been managed with ventilation, respiratory nasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) may be a surfactant into the trachea or windpipe that these babies.


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Tips to get rid of dandruff.

Tips to get rid of dandruff.

Avoid washing your hair with warm water, it will increase the amount of dandruff. Because washing your hair  with warm water to melt the fat layer on the scalp. Result in a dry scalp and threadbare, cause dandruff. So you should not wash your hair with warm water.

Protect your hair from sun and UV damage. Because it makes the hair rise, weightless hair and your hair is not shiny. UV rays will destroy the protein in hair and gives me the rough. Should you avoid the sun and should use shampoo products that help deep nourishing your hair.

Avoid cigarette smoke, because cigarette smoke will stick to your hair and result in a dry scalp than normal.

should have a scalp massage to get rid of dandruff every time after washing your hair, gentle scalp massage it will help relieve stress and get rid of dead skin cells to peel more easily.

Should choose a shampoo product that suits your hair and scalp. Should you clean the shampoo after washing your hair,to protect chemical residues.

After hair wash, use a towel to dry wipe the scalp and hair. Avoid using a damp cloth and do not use fabric with others. And avoid scratching your scalp.

Also, should be eating with zinc, vitamin B, C and E to nourish the scalp regularly, Which is basic treatment for dandruff. If you have an issue, should treated by medical professionals.

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Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 3

Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 3

Osteoporosis treatment :
- Treatment of the menopause (you can do it yourself), including daily exercise, useful eating, calcium and vitamin D supplements.
- Treatment of by a physician. Use of drug such as Bisphosphonate (Alandronate), Raloxifene, Teriparatide.


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Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 2

Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 2
: Osteoporosis prevention

     Osteoporosis prevention done all ages, it's never too late. However, we recommend that you prevent during young age. Because after the age of 30 year old, the opportunity to build bone more difficult than young people.

How to prevent :
- Eating with at least 800 mg of calcium. foods that contain calcium such as milk, green leafy vegetables, small fish. In case that's not enough calcium from food. Should take calcium supplement tablets.
- Useful Eating. Avoid tea, coffee and soft drinks.
- Elderly people should supplement vitamin D 400 IU per day.
- Abstain from drinking alcohol, smoking.
- Outdoor exercise such as brisk walking, jogging, jumping rope, tennis.
- The lifestyle is active, not just sleep, no stress, no depression.

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Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 1

Osteoporosis prevention and treatment. - part 1
: Issue of osteoporosis and Cause of osteoporosis.

Issue of osteoporosis. Especially in postmenopausal women and the elderly. The bone most fractures is the wrist, hip and spine in people over the age of 50 years is one of the eight fractures in people over the age of 80 years to 70% When hip fracture, it is a big deal. You will have to long stay in hospital. And a lower survival rate than uterine cancer.

Cause of osteoporosis.
- Low testosterone due to menopause or ovary were removed on both sides.
- You do not exercise.
- Eating a diet low in calcium.
- Drinking alcohol, smoking, drinking tea and coffee regularly.
- Receiving certain medications such as Steroid , Antacids, Anticonvulsants and Diuretic.
- Hereditary: who people have yellow skin such as the people of Asia.
- People with depressive symptoms.

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